Local magnitude revaluation for recent Italian earthquakes (1981–1996)     

Paolo Gasperini 《Journal of Seismology》2002,6(4):503-524

In the framework of a joint project of theItalian Gruppo Nazionale per la Difesadai Terremoti (GNDT) and the IstitutoNazionale di Geofisica (ING), devoted tothe reorganization of the Italianearthquake instrumental database from 1981to 1996, we approached the problem of thehomogeneous determination of localmagnitude in Italy. As a first step, webuilt a database of real Wood-Andersonamplitudes deduced from the available dataof the two instruments that were inoperation in Italy up to 1989 as well as ofsimulated Wood Anderson amplitudes computedby Very Broad Band recordings, availablesince 1990. The simultaneous computation ofthe attenuation function together with themagnitudes and the station residuals allowsus to verify that, for the Italian area,this function does not significantly differfrom the original one given by Richter. Inthe second step, the so obtained Mlmagnitudes are used as a reference data setto estimate a new empirical relation forthe duration magnitude Md using the unifiedphases database of the Italian NationalSeismic Network (RSNC) of ING and of themost important local seismic networksoperating in Italy. The same data set wasalso employed to calibrate magnitude Mabased on amplitudes coming from shortperiod vertical seismograms recorded by theRSNC automatic acquisition system. At lasta set of reasonable criteria to choose themost reliable among Ml, Md and Ma has beenformulated. The resulting set of magnitudesproved to be definitely better calibratedthan the one obtained by procedures in useat RSNC.  相似文献   

Towards a knowledge base to support global change policy goals     

Stefano Nativi  Mattia Santoro  Gregory Giuliani  Paolo Mazzetti 《International Journal of Digital Earth》2020,13(2):188-216

ABSTRACT

In 2015, it was adopted the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development to end poverty, protect the planet and ensure that all people enjoy peace and prosperity. The year after, 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) officially came into force. In 2015, GEO (Group on Earth Observation) declared to support the implementation of SDGs. The GEO Global Earth Observation System of Systems (GEOSS) required a change of paradigm, moving from a data-centric approach to a more knowledge-driven one. To this end, the GEO System-of-Systems (SoS) framework may refer to the well-known Data-Information-Knowledge-Wisdom (DIKW) paradigm. In the context of an Earth Observation (EO) SoS, a set of main elements are recognized as connecting links for generating knowledge from EO and non-EO data – e.g. social and economic datasets. These elements are: Essential Variables (EVs), Indicators and Indexes, Goals and Targets. Their generation and use requires the development of a SoS KB whose management process has evolved the GEOSS Software Ecosystem into a GEOSS Social Ecosystem. This includes: collect, formalize, publish, access, use, and update knowledge. ConnectinGEO project analysed the knowledge necessary to recognize, formalize, access, and use EVs. The analysis recognized GEOSS gaps providing recommendations on supporting global decision-making within and across different domains.  相似文献   

Evaluation of the applicability of the time- and slip-predictable earthquake recurrence models to Italian seismicity   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Francesco Mulargia  Paolo Gasperini 《Geophysical Journal International》1995,120(2):453-473

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Seismotectonic regionalization of the Red Sea area and its application to seismic risk analysis     

Roberto Pedone  Paolo Lombardo  Dimitris Diamantidis 《Natural Hazards》1992,5(3):233-247

A seismological evaluation of the Red Sea margin is presented in this contribution based on the concept of seismotectonic regionalization. The geology and the tectonic structure are critically reviewed to define regions of homogeneous seismicity in the study area, and available seismicity data are implemented to estimate the seismic parameters of the region. The results of the study are applied to evaluate the seismic hazard of an offshore platform site.  相似文献   

Dynamic models of subduction: geophysical and geological evidence in the Tyrrhenian Sea   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Carlo Giunchi  Roberto Sabadini  Enzo Boschi  Paolo Gasperini 《Geophysical Journal International》1996,126(2):555-578

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Mixed-function oxidase activity and conjugating enzymes in two species of antarctic fish   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Silvano Focardi  Cristina Fossi  Claudio Leonzio  Paolo Di Simplicio 《Marine environmental research》1989,28(1-4)

Enzyme activities of phase I and phase II of the hepatic detoxication system were investigated in two species of fish from the Ross Sea in Antarctica. The fish had extremely low phase I enzyme (BPMO and aldrin epoxidase). The reductase regenerating enzyme activities were comparable to those found in fish of temperate seas. Transferases of cytosol showed highest activity in the conjugation of 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (CDNB) and little or no conjugation of other substrates. The GSSG reductase and the glutathione transferase with peroxidase activity (CuOOH substrate) were low; the Sedependent glutathione peroxidase activity was not detectable. Interspecific differences were found for most of the enzymes tested.  相似文献   

New Development of Eastern Mediterranean Circulation based on Hydrological Observations and Current Measurements   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Beniamino B. Manca  Laura Ursella  Paolo Scarazzato 《Marine Ecology》2002,23(S1):237-257

Abstract. A number of recent studies based on hydrographic observations and modelling simulations have dealt with the major climatic shift that occurred in the deep circulation of the Eastern Mediterranean. This work presents hydrographic observations and current measurements conducted from 1997 to 1999, which reveal strong modifications in the dynamics of the upper, intermediate and deep layers, as well as an evolution of the thermohaline characteristics of the deep Aegean outflow since 1995. The reversal of the circulation in the upper layer of the north/central Ionian is worthy of note. The observations indicate a reduction of Atlantic Water in the northern Ionian with an increase on the eastern side of the basin. In the intermediate layer, the dispersal path of the Levantine Intermediate Water (LIW) is altered. Highly saline (>39.0) and well-oxygenated intermediate waters were found near the Western Cretan Arc Straits. They flow out from the Aegean, thus interrupting the traditional path of the LIW, and spread prevalently northwards into the Adriatic Sea. In the deep layer, dense waters, exiting from the Adriatic (σ_ø−29.18 kg · m⁻³), flow against the western continental margin in the Ionian Sea at a depth of between 1000–1500 m. Dense waters of Aegean origin (> 29.20 kg · m⁻³), discharged into the central region of the Eastern Mediterranean during the early stages of the transient, propagate prevalently to the east in the Levantine basin and to the west in the northern Ionian Sea. Near-bottom current measurements conducted in the Ionian Sea reveal unforeseen aspects of deep dynamics, suggesting a new configuration of the internal thermohaline conveyor belt of the Eastern Mediterranean.  相似文献   

NGC 3741: the dark halo profile from the most extended rotation curve   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Gianfranco Gentile  Paolo Salucci  Uli Klein  Gian Luigi Granato 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2007,375(1):199-212

We present new H  i observations of the nearby dwarf galaxy NGC 3741. This galaxy has an extremely extended H  i disc, which allows us to trace the rotation curve out to unprecedented distances in terms of the optical disc: we reach 42 B -band exponential scalelengths or about 7 kpc. The H  i disc is strongly warped, but the warp is very symmetric. The distribution and kinematics are accurately derived by building model data cubes, which closely reproduce the observations. In order to account for the observed features in the data cube, radial motions of the order of 5–13 km s⁻¹ are needed. They are consistent with an inner bar of several hundreds of pc and accretion of material in the outer regions.
The observed rotation curve was decomposed into its stellar, gaseous and dark components. The Burkert dark halo (with a central constant density core) provides very good fits. The dark halo density distribution predicted by the Λ cold dark matter (CDM) theory fails to fit the data, unless NGC 3741 is a 2.5σ exception to the predicted relation between concentration parameter and virial mass and at the same time a high value of the virial mass (though poorly constrained) of  10¹¹ M_⊙  . Noticeably, modified Newtonian dynamics (MOND) seems to be consistent with the observed rotation curve. Scaling up the contribution of the gaseous disc also gives a good fit.  相似文献   

GRIDA3—a shared resources manager for environmental data analysis and applications     

Fabrizio Murgia  Riccardo Biddau  Alessandro Concas  Roberto Demontis  Luca Fanfani  Zeno Heilmann  Cristian Lai  Giuditta Lecca  Eva Lorrai  Marino Marrocu  Vittorio Alessandro Marrone  Laura Muscas  Elisaveta Peneva  Andrea Piras  Massimo Pisu  Gabriella Pusceddu  Guido Satta  Daniela Theis  Andrea Vacca  Paolo Valera  Ana Melina Vallenilla Ferrara  Ernesto Bonomi 《Earth Science Informatics》2009,2(1-2):5-21

GRIDA3 (Shared Resources Manager for Environmental Data Analysis and Applications) is a multidisciplinary project designed to deliver an integrated system to forge solutions to some environmental challenges such as the constant increase of polluted sites, the sustainability of natural resources usage and the forecast of extreme meteorological events. The GRIDA3 portal is mainly based on Web 2.0 technologies and EnginFrame framework. The portal, now at an advanced stage of development, provides end-users with intuitive Web-interfaces and tools that simplify job submission to the underneath computing resources. The framework manages the user authentication and authorization, then controls the action and job execution into the grid computing environment, collects the results and transforms them into an useful format on the client side. The GRIDA3 Portal framework will provide a problem-solving platform allowing, through appropriate access policies, the integration and the sharing of skills, resources and tools located at multiple sites across federated domains.  相似文献   

Flare forecasting based on sunspot-groups characteristics     

Lidia Contarino  Francesca Zuccarello  Paolo Romano  Daniele Spadaro  Salvatore L. Guglielmino  Viviana Battiato 《Acta Geophysica》2009,57(1):52-63

Our comprehension of solar flares is still lacking in many aspects and the possibility of observing active regions during the first phases of flare occurrence is limited by our capability of doing accurate flare forecasting. In order to give a contribution to this aspect, we focused our attention on the characteristics that must be fulfilled by sunspot-groups in order to be flare-productive. We addressed this problem using a statistical approach: first, we analyzed sunspot-groups parameters (i.e., Zürich class, magnetic configuration, area, morphology of the penumbra) and evolution; then, we performed a flare forecasting campaign, based on the results obtained in the first phase and on real-time observations. The results obtained by comparing the flare forecasting probability with the number of flares that have actually occurred are quite encouraging; we plan to improve this procedure by including a bigger statistical sampling.  相似文献